What is Bebugging in Software Testing?

Hari Mahesh

A relatively new approach in software testing is bebugging. This method is one of the least known of all the methods but it works a charm and provides useful information about the effectiveness and the effectiveness of the testing process. And that ultimately leads to building robust software.

In this article, we will explore bebugging more, beginning with the principles, methodologies, and applications that underpin this approach.

What is Bebugging?

Bebuiggng is a software technique where developers intentionally add defects or bugs to the application to test the effectiveness of testing process. These intentionally added bugs are known as planted bugs and they mimic real-world application issues. The main purpose of this process is to evaluate how well the testing team or the automation tool captures the bugs thereby finding out the weak points and improving the test strategy.

This technique is also called fault seeding or error seeding. It helps to analyze multiple areas like measuring test coverage, assessing the skill of the testing team and also estimating the probability of real defects that may exist in the application after testing.

The fake issues are inserted into the application without the knowledge of testers. By analyzing the count of these defects discovered during testing, the team can estimate the probability of uncovered bugs that can exist in the application. This, in a way, helps to measure the efficiency and accuracy of the testing process.

The Origin of Bebugging

Bebugging is associated with quality assurance and software reliability engineering, in particular. It evolved as a means to formalize the assessment of the effectiveness of testing workflows and ensembles. However, the word “bebugging” itself is a play on the process of intentionally “bugging” or introducing artificial errors in software (as different from the practice of “debugging”, which typically refers to locating and removing errors).

The defect detection rate in Bebugging is determined by statistical methods and probability theories. Read: Minimizing Risks: The Impact of Late Bug Detection.

Objectives of Bebugging

Now that we have a clear understanding of bebugging let’s explore the reasons behind its use. Bebugging serves multiple important purposes in software testing, helping teams improve their defect detection process and overall software quality.

Below, we will take a detailed look at the key objectives of bebugging and why it is a valuable technique in testing.

• Evaluating Testing Effectiveness: Bebugging helps to evaluate the performance of the testing process in your organization. By intentionally adding the defects and the count of defects caught, helps to understand the coverage of test cases and the team’s efficiency in finding issues.
• Improving Test Coverage: Bebugging helps to understand the gaps in the test cases by showing which induced defects went unnoticed. This helps to refine and increase the test cases count by adding more scenarios which includes edge cases that were missed initially.
• Estimate Defect Detection Rate: By getting the count of identified defects, we can calculate how many more defects are still there in the application. This helps to give a rough idea about the application’s current quality and can estimate how much more testing is needed. Read: The Strategy to Handle Defects in the Agile Development Methodology.
• Assessing Team Performance: Bebugging also helps to understand the performance of the team. We can get an idea about which areas the team is good at and which areas need more testing. Based on that, more training can be planned to improve the weak areas.
• Enhancing Training: Bebugging can be used to train testers in different areas. We can introduce defects in different areas of application and in different layers. So, by reviewing the team’s efficiency, we can plan more training.

How Bebugging Works: Steps

Bebugging is a methodical process of injecting defects into a software system and measuring the ability of human or automated test methods to identify them. Let’s understand the key steps involved in bebugging.

Step 1: Identify the Code to Test

The first step is to select the application area where we need to seed the defects. This area can be a single module, function or the entire application itself. This depends on the scope of testing. The selected area should be specific to a particular functionality or depends on the complexity of the application. This step makes sure the bebugging process is not done randomly but targeted based on the specifications.

Step 2: Insert Known Bugs

In this step, the defects are seeded into the selected part of the application code. The bugs can be of any type like syntax errors, logical flaws, boundary condition issues, or performance bottlenecks. These induced defects are documented with details like their nature and where its located, which helps to track them easily while testing. The main goal here is to simulate real-world defects and evaluate how well the testing process is in identifying them.

Step 3: Conduct Testing

The software is tested using the organization’s standard testing procedures, such as unit testing, integration testing, or system testing. Testers execute test cases and use tools to detect defects, unaware of which bugs were intentionally inserted (to avoid bias). This step mimics real-world testing scenarios to assess the effectiveness of the testing process.

Step 4: Monitor Bug Detection

As testing progresses, the team monitors which of the intentionally inserted bugs are detected and which ones are missed. The results are recorded, including details about the type of bug, the test case that caught it, and any bugs that went undetected. This step provides insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the testing process.

Step 5: Analyze Results

After testing is complete, the results are analyzed to determine how effective the testing process was in detecting the inserted bugs. The analysis identifies patterns, such as whether certain types of bugs were consistently missed or if specific testing methods were more effective. This step helps pinpoint areas where the testing process can be improved.

Step 6: Improve Testing Processes

Based on the analysis, the team identifies gaps in the testing process and implements improvements. For example, if certain types of bugs were consistently missed, the team might introduce new test cases or adopt additional testing techniques. This step makes the testing process more robust and effective in future iterations.

Step 7: Remove Inserted Bugs

Once the bebugging process is complete, all intentionally inserted bugs are removed from the codebase. This makes sure that the software is clean and free of defects before it moves to the next stage of development or release. The documentation of the inserted bugs is retained for future reference and process improvement.

Types of Defects Used in Bebugging

Bebugging involves the deliberate insertion of various types of defects to simulate real-world scenarios. These include:

• Logic Errors: Errors in decision-making structures such as if-else statements or loops.
• Boundary Value Errors: Defects related to the handling of edge cases, such as maximum and minimum input values.
• Syntax Errors: Simple errors in the code syntax, such as missing semicolons or incorrect variable declarations.
• Integration Errors: Faults that occur when different modules or components interact incorrectly.
• Performance Errors: Issues related to the software’s speed, memory usage, or scalability.

Bebugging Techniques

Bebugging can be implemented using different techniques, primarily classified into Runtime Injection and Compile-Time Injection. Each technique has its own approach to inserting artificial defects into software, and both are used depending on the testing environment and requirements.

Runtime Injection

In Runtime Injection, defects are introduced while the software is running. This means that the injected errors do not exist in the actual source code but are dynamically added during execution. This method is useful for testing error-handling mechanisms, performance issues, and system stability in real-time scenarios.

Fault Injection

• This technique introduces faults into the system during execution to test its ability to recover from errors.
• Example: In a database system, an artificial network failure is triggered to check if the system properly retries failed queries.

Exception Injection

• This involves generating unexpected exceptions during execution to see how well the application handles them.
• Example: A financial application is forced to encounter a “divide by zero” error to verify if it gracefully handles mathematical exceptions.

Memory Corruption Injection

• This technique artificially corrupts memory values at runtime to test software resilience against memory-related failures.
• Example: In a C++ application, a test script modifies memory locations to simulate a buffer overflow and observe how the system responds.

API Call Interception

• This method alters API responses during runtime to examine system behavior when unexpected data is received.
• Example: An e-commerce website receives a fake payment API response to test how it reacts to incorrect transaction confirmations.

Performance Bottleneck Injection

• Artificial delays or resource consumption spikes are introduced to test software performance.
• Example: In a web application, CPU-intensive operations are injected at runtime to observe how the system handles high server loads.

Compile-Time Injection

In Compile-Time Injection, defects are inserted directly into the source code before the software is compiled and executed. This method is useful for testing code correctness, logic errors, and static analysis tools.

Logic Error Injection

• Defects are added to decision-making statements to check if testers can detect incorrect program behavior.
• Example: In a payroll system, a faulty if-else condition is inserted that incorrectly calculates tax deductions.

Syntax Error Injection

• Intentional syntax mistakes are added to test static code analyzers and compilers.
• Example: A missing semicolon is inserted into a JavaScript function to verify if the linter detects the issue.

Boundary Condition Injection

• Extreme or invalid input values are added to test how the software handles boundary cases.
• Example: A function that accepts values between 1 and 100 is modified to accept -1 and 101, checking if errors are properly flagged.

Infinite Loop Injection

• Modify the code to add infinite loops and test system behavior under unending execution scenarios.
• Example: Use a while(true) loop in a process scheduler to observe how the system handles infinite loop and execution.

Data Corruption Injection

• Data structures/variables are intentionally modified to incorrect values and then test software reactions.
• Example: In a banking application, an account balance variable is manually set to a negative value. This helps to check how the system handles incorrect balances.

testRigor and Bebugging

For the bebugging process, the testing process should be smart and fast as testers need to cover a vast set of scenarios. So, performing these tests manually won’t be the right choice, as more testers are required, and the time taken to cover all the scenarios will also be high. Another disadvantage is that the coverage of edge case scenarios will be less. To overcome this, executing the tests via automation is always better.

Even in automation, using coded automation tools won’t give the leverage because of huge maintenance efforts. Also, the scripts can create false positive bugs, which makes the team spend more hours fixing the script rather than performing bebugging. That’s where modern AI-powered tools like testRigor will be useful. testRigor is packed with multiple features that help minimize the testing effort when bebugging.

• Easy to Script: The testing team doesn’t have to waste time creating complex test scripts. They can just create automation test cases using plain English, which serves as the test script in testRigor. So there’s no double effort; just design the test case, and the automation script will be the same.
• Covers all Edge Cases: With the Generative AI feature, testRigor helps to create automated scripts based on the input that the tester provides. The tester can also choose how many test scripts need to be generated. This increases the test case count, which increases the coverage through edge cases. This makes the testing more effective.

We are not going into more detail, but if you would like to know more about the remarkable features of testRigor, you can read it here: testRigor Features.

Advantages and disadvantages of Bebugging

Bebugging offers several advantages that make it a valuable addition to the software testing toolkit.

But there are also many challenges. Let’s understand those.

Conclusion

Bebugging is an advanced, innovative software testing strategy that provides unparalleled insights into the effectiveness of test processes. By intentionally inserting faults in a system, teams can detect weaknesses, increase test coverage levels, and ultimately strengthen software quality. Despite some of its challenges, debugging has more advantages than disadvantages and stands out as an important step in creating reliable and robust software.

Software testing is an area that is constantly evolving, and techniques such as bebugging will become more crucial in ensuring the quality and reliability of software systems. Adopting such methods would keep any organization ahead in the race of valuable software development.

“We spent so much time on maintenance when using Selenium, and we spend nearly zero time with maintenance using testRigor.”

Keith Powe VP Of Engineering - IDT